Background: A rare phenotype of clinical non-progressors to AIDS is not well understood and the new protocol for\nuniversal treatment, may block the understanding of viral control thus it is crucial to define this controversial group.\nMethods: A cohort of 30 persons followed a criteria for viremia control groups 1 (VC1; n = 2) and 2 (VC2; n = 7) and\nnon-viral controllers (NC; n = 21) including number of years of diagnosis, LTCD4+, LTCD8+ counts, plasma viral load and\nthe absence of ART; 241 uninfected control persons were matched to age and sex. Infected persons were regularly\nexamined and submitted to two or three annual laboratory measurements. Polymorphisms and allele frequencies of\nCCR5Ã?â?32 and SDF1ââ?¬â??3ââ?¬â?¢A were detected in the genomic DNA. Plasma levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13,\nIL-17 and IFN-y) were measured.\nResults: The group investigated is originated from a miscigenetic population and demographic and social characteristics\nwere not significantly relevant. LTCD4+ median values were higher among VC than NC, but significantly lower than\nuninfected controls. Evolution of LTCD4+ and LTCD8+ counts, showed a slight increase of LTCD4+ among VC, but a\nsignificant decrease in the NC. The percentage of annual change in LTCD4+ was also significantly different between the\ngroups. LTCD4+/LTCD8+ ratio was inverted but not significant among the VC, thus the ratio may be a useful biomarker\nfor the VC. A clear signature indicated a change from Th1 to Th2 cytokine profiles from VC to NC, respectively.\nConclusions: The knowledge of viral controllers characteristics in different population groups is important to define a\nstrict universal definition for the sake of learning about the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Data on LTCD4+ seems to be stable\nand repetitive from published data, but the LTCD8+ response and the significance of LTCD4+/LTCD8+ ratio values are in\nneed to further exploration as biomarkers. The change from Th1 to Th2 cytokine profile may help to design and adjust\nspecific treatment protocols for the group.
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